|Summary |Design Structures |Sequential Statements |Concurrent Statements |Types and Constants |
|Declarations |Delay, Events |Reserved Words |Operators |System Tasks |Compiler Directives |
$display("<format>", exp1, exp2, ...); // formatted write to display
format indication %b %B binary
%c %C character (low 8 bits)
%d %D decimal %0d for minimum width field
%e %E E format floating point %15.7E
%f %F F format floating point %9.7F
%g %G G general format floating point
%h %H hexadecimal
%l %L library binding information
%m %M hierarchical name, no expression
%o %O octal
%s %S string, 8 bits per character, 2´h00 does not print
%t %T simulation time, expression is $time
%u %U unformatted two value data 0 and 1
%v %V net signal strength
%z %Z unformatted four value data 0, 1, x, z
escape sequences, quoted characters in strings \n newline
\t tab
\\ backslash
\" quote
\ddd octal
%% percent
any other characters between the quotes are displayed
the expressions are taken in order of the format indication
,, in the expression list inserts one space in the output
$write // same as $display except no automatic insertion of newline
$strobe // same as $display except waits until all events finished
$monitor // same as $display except only displays if an expression changes
$monitoron // only one $monitor may be active at ant time,
$monitoroff // turn current $monitor off
$displayb // same as $display using binary as default format
$writeb // same as $write using binary as default format
$strobeb // same as $strobe using binary as default format
$monitorb // same as $monitor using binary as default format
$displayo // same as $display using octal as default format
$writeo // same as $write using octal as default format
$strobeo // same as $strobe using octal as default format
$monitoro // same as $monitor using octal as default format
$displayh // same as $display using hexadecimal as default format
$writeh // same as $write using hexadecimal as default format
$strobeh // same as $strobe using hexadecimal as default format
$monitorh // same as $monitor using hexadecimal as default format
fd = $fopen("<file name>"); // open a file for writing,
// fd is an integer file descriptor
fd = $fopen("<file name>", file_type); // open a file for file_type action:
// open for reading "r", "rb" binary
// open for writing "w", "wb" binary
// open for append "a", "ab" binary
// open for read/write "r+", "r+b", "rb+"
// open for write/read "w+", "w+b", "wb+"
// open for append update "a+", "a+b", "ab+"
$fclose(fd); // close an opened file
$frewind(fd); // rewind an opened file
$fflush(fd); // flush pending output to an open file
$fseek(
$ftell(
$fdisplay(fd,
$fwrite(fd,
$swrite(??
$fstrobe(fd,
$fmonitor(fd,
$fread(fd,
$fscanf(fd,
$fdisplayb // same as $fdisplay using binary as default format
$fwriteb // same as $fwrite using binary as default format
$swriteb // same as $swrite using binary as default format
$fstrobeb // same as $fstrobe using binary as default format
$fmonitorb // same as $fmonitor using binary as default format
$fdisplayo // same as $fdisplay using octal as default format
$fwriteo // same as $fwrite using octal as default format
$swriteo // same as $swrite using octal as default format
$fstrobeo // same as $fstrobe using octal as default format
$fmonitoro // same as $fmonitor using octal as default format
$fdisplayh // same as $fdisplay using hexadecimal as default format
$fwriteh // same as $fwrite using hexadecimal as default format
$swriteh // same as $swrite using hexadecimal as default format
$fstrobeh // same as $fstrobe using hexadecimal as default format
$fmonitorh // same as $fmonitor using hexadecimal as default format
$sscanf
$sdf_annotate