4
SQL*Loader Case Studies

The case studies in this chapter illustrate some of the features of SQL*Loader. These case studies start simply and progress in complexity.

This chapter contains the following sections:

The Case Studies

This chapter contains the following case studies:

Case 1: Loading Variable-Length Data

Loads stream format records in which the fields are delimited by commas and may be enclosed by quotation marks. The data is found at the end of the control file.

Case 2: Loading Fixed-Format Fields:

Loads a datafile with fixed-length fields, stream-format records, all records the same length.

Case 3: Loading a Delimited, Free-Format File

Loads data from stream format records with delimited fields and sequence numbers. The data is found at the end of the control file.

Case 4: Loading Combined Physical Records

Combines multiple physical records into one logical record corresponding to one database row

Case 5: Loading Data into Multiple Tables

Loads data into multiple tables in one run

Case 6: Loading Using the Direct Path Load Method

Loads data using the direct path load method

Case 7: Extracting Data from a Formatted Report

Extracts data from a formatted report

Case 8: Loading Partitioned Tables

Loads partitioned tables.

Case 9: Loading LOBFILEs (CLOBs)

Adds a CLOB column called RESUME to the table emp, uses a FILLER field (RES_FILE), and loads multiple LOBFILEs into the emp table.

Case 10: Loading REF Fields and VARRAYs

Loads a customer table, which has a primary key as its OID and which stores order items in a VARRAY and loads an order table which has a REF to the customer table and the order times in a VARRAY.

Case Study Files

The distribution media for SQL*Loader contains files for each case:

control files (for example, ULCASE1.CTL)
data files (for example, ULCASE2.DAT)
setup files (for example, ULCASE3.SQL)

If the sample data for the case study is contained in the control file, then there will be no .DAT file for that case.

If there are no special setup steps for a case study, there may be no .SQL file for that case. Starting (setup) and ending (cleanup) scripts are denoted by an S or E after the case number.

Table 4-1 lists the files associated with each case:

Table 4-1 Case Studies and Their Related Files

CASE	.CTL	.DAT	.SQL
1	x		x
2	x	x
3	x		x
4	x	x	x
5	x	x	x
6	x	x	x
7	x	x	x S, E
8	x	x	x
9	x	x	x
10	x		x

Additional Information: The actual names of the case study files are operating system-dependent. See your Oracle operating system-specific documentation for the exact names.

Tables Used in the Case Studies

The case studies are based upon the standard Oracle demonstration database tables EMP and DEPT owned by SCOTT/TIGER. (In some of the case studies, additional columns have been added.)

Contents of Table EMP

(empno           NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
 ename           VARCHAR2(10),
 job             VARCHAR2(9),
 mgr             NUMBER(4),
 hiredate        DATE,
 sal             NUMBER(7,2),
 comm            NUMBER(7,2),
 deptno          NUMBER(2))

Contents of Table DEPT

(deptno          NUMBER(2) NOT NULL,
 dname           VARCHAR2(14),
 loc             VARCHAR2(13))

References and Notes

The summary at the beginning of each case study contains page number references, directing you to the sections of this guide that discuss the SQL*Loader feature being demonstrated in more detail.

In the control file fragment and log file listing shown for each case study, the numbers that appear to the left are not actually in the file; they are keyed to the numbered notes following the listing. Do not use these numbers when you write your control files.

Running the Case Study SQL Scripts

You should run the SQL scripts ULCASE1.SQL and ULCASE3.SQL through ULCASE10.SQL to prepare and populate the tables. Note that there is no ULCASE2.SQL as Case 2 is handled by ULCASE1.SQL.

Case 1: Loading Variable-Length Data

Case 1 demonstrates

A simple control file identifying one table and three columns to be loaded. See Identifying Data in the Control File with BEGINDATA .
Including data to be loaded from the control file itself, so there is no separate datafile. See Identifying Data in the Control File with BEGINDATA .
Loading data in stream format, with both types of delimited fields -- terminated and enclosed. See Delimited Fields .

Control File

The control file is ULCASE1.CTL:

1)   LOAD DATA
2)   INFILE *
3)   INTO TABLE dept
4)   FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
5)   (deptno, dname, loc)
6)   BEGINDATA
   12,RESEARCH,"SARATOGA"
   10,"ACCOUNTING",CLEVELAND
   11,"ART",SALEM
   13,FINANCE,"BOSTON"
   21,"SALES",PHILA.
   22,"SALES",ROCHESTER
   42,"INT'L","SAN FRAN"

Notes:

The LOAD DATA statement is required at the beginning of the control file.
INFILE * specifies that the data is found in the control file and not in an external file.
The INTO TABLE statement is required to identify the table to be loaded (DEPT) into. By default, SQL*Loader requires the table to be empty before it inserts any records.
FIELDS TERMINATED BY specifies that the data is terminated by commas, but may also be enclosed by quotation marks. Datatypes for all fields default to CHAR.
Specifies that the names of columns to load are enclosed in parentheses. Since no datatype is specified, the default is a character of length 255.
BEGINDATA specifies the beginning of the data.

Invoking SQL*Loader

To run this example, invoke SQL*Loader with the command:

sqlldr userid=scott/tiger control=ulcase1.ctl log=ulcase1.log

SQL*Loader loads the DEPT table and creates the log file.

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, refer to your Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase1.ctl
Data File:      ulcase1.ctl
  Bad File:     ulcase1.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table DEPT, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
1) DEPTNO                            FIRST     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
  DNAME                              NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
2) LOC                                NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            


Table DEPT:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65016 bytes(84 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             7
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:08:19 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:08:20 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:01.16
CPU time was:         00:00:00.10

Notes:

Position and length for each field are determined for each record, based on delimiters in the input file.
WHT signifies that field LOC is terminated by WHITESPACE. The notation O(") signifies optional enclosure by quotation marks.

Case 2: Loading Fixed-Format Fields

Case 2 demonstrates

A separate datafile. See INFILE: Specifying Datafiles .
Data conversions. See Datatype Conversions .

In this case, the field positions and datatypes are specified explicitly.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE2.CTL.

1)   LOAD DATA
2)   INFILE 'ulcase2.dat'
3)   INTO TABLE emp
4)   (empno         POSITION(01:04)   INTEGER  EXTERNAL,
   ename          POSITION(06:15)   CHAR,
   job            POSITION(17:25)   CHAR,
   mgr            POSITION(27:30)   INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   sal            POSITION(32:39)   DECIMAL  EXTERNAL,
   comm           POSITION(41:48)   DECIMAL  EXTERNAL,
5)   deptno         POSITION(50:51)   INTEGER  EXTERNAL)

Notes:

The LOAD DATA statement is required at the beginning of the control file.
The name of the file containing data follows the keyword INFILE.
The INTO TABLE statement is required to identify the table to be loaded into.
Lines 4 and 5 identify a column name and the location of the data in the datafile to be loaded into that column. EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, and so on are names of columns in table EMP. The datatypes (INTEGER EXTERNAL, CHAR, DECIMAL EXTERNAL) identify the datatype of data fields in the file, not of corresponding columns in the EMP table.
Note that the set of column specifications is enclosed in parentheses.

Datafile

Below are a few sample data lines from the file ULCASE2.DAT. Blank fields are set to null automatically.

7782 CLARK      MANAGER   7839 2572.50           10
7839 KING       PRESIDENT      5500.00           10
7934 MILLER     CLERK     7782  920.00           10
7566 JONES      MANAGER   7839 3123.75           20
7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN  7698 1600.00   300.00  30
7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN  7698 1312.50  1400.00  30

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr userid=scott/tiger control=ulcase2.ctl log=ulcase2.log

EMP records loaded in this example contain department numbers. Unless the DEPT table is loaded first, referential integrity checking rejects these records (if referential integrity constraints are enabled for the EMP table).

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, refer to your Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase2.ctl
Data File:      ulcase2.dat
  Bad File:     ulcase2.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
ENAME                                6:15    10           CHARACTER            
JOB                                 17:25     9           CHARACTER            
MGR                                 27:30     4           CHARACTER            
SAL                                 32:39     8           CHARACTER            
COMM                                41:48     8           CHARACTER            
DEPTNO                              50:51     2           CHARACTER            


Table EMP:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65520 bytes(1092 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             7
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:09:31 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:09:32 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.63
CPU time was:         00:00:00.16

Case 3: Loading a Delimited, Free-Format File

Case 3 demonstrates

Loading data (enclosed and terminated) in stream format. See Delimited Fields .
Loading dates using the datatype DATE. See DATE .
Using SEQUENCE numbers to generate unique keys for loaded data. See Setting a Column to a Unique Sequence Number .
Using APPEND to indicate that the table need not be empty before inserting new records. See Loading into Empty and Non-Empty Tables .
Using Comments in the control file set off by double dashes. See Control File Basics .
Overriding general specifications with declarations for individual fields. See Specifying Field Conditions .

Control File

This control file loads the same table as in Case 2, but it loads three additional columns (HIREDATE, PROJNO, LOADSEQ). The demonstration table EMP does not have columns PROJNO and LOADSEQ. So if you want to test this control file, add these columns to the EMP table with the command:

ALTER TABLE EMP ADD (PROJNO NUMBER, LOADSEQ NUMBER)

The data is in a different format than in Case 2. Some data is enclosed in quotation marks, some is set off by commas, and the values for DEPTNO and PROJNO are separated by a colon.

1)   -- Variable-length, delimited and enclosed data format
   LOAD DATA
2)   INFILE *
3)   APPEND
   INTO TABLE emp
4)   FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
   (empno, ename, job, mgr,
5)   hiredate DATE(20) "DD-Month-YYYY",
   sal, comm, deptno CHAR TERMINATED BY ':',
   projno,
6)   loadseq  SEQUENCE(MAX,1))
7)   BEGINDATA
8)   7782, "Clark", "Manager", 7839, 09-June-1981, 2572.50,,  10:101
   7839, "King", "President", , 17-November-1981,5500.00,,10:102
   7934, "Miller", "Clerk", 7782, 23-January-1982, 920.00,, 10:102
   7566, "Jones", "Manager", 7839, 02-April-1981, 3123.75,, 20:101
   7499, "Allen", "Salesman", 7698, 20-February-1981, 1600.00,
   (same line continued)                 300.00, 30:103
   7654, "Martin", "Salesman", 7698, 28-September-1981, 1312.50,
   (same line continued)                1400.00, 3:103
   7658, "Chan", "Analyst", 7566, 03-May-1982, 3450,,  20:101

Notes:

Comments may appear anywhere in the command lines of the file, but they should not appear in data. They are preceded with a double dash that may appear anywhere on a line.
INFILE * specifies that the data is found at the end of the control file.
Specifies that the data can be loaded even if the table already contains rows. That is, the table need not be empty.
The default terminator for the data fields is a comma, and some fields may be enclosed by double quotation marks (").
The data to be loaded into column HIREDATE appears in the format DD-Month-YYYY. The length of the date field is a maximum of 20. If a length is not specified, the length is a maximum of 20. If a length is not specified, then the length depends on the length of the date mask.
The SEQUENCE function generates a unique value in the column LOADSEQ. This function finds the current maximum value in column LOADSEQ and adds the increment (1) to it to obtain the value for LOADSEQ for each row inserted.
BEGINDATA specifies the end of the control information and the beginning of the data.
Although each physical record equals one logical record, the fields vary in length so that some records are longer than others. Note also that several rows have null values for COMM.

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr userid=scott/tiger control=ulcase3.ctl log=ulcase3.log

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, see your Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase3.ctl
Data File:      ulcase3.ctl
  Bad File:     ulcase3.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                               FIRST     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
ENAME                                NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
JOB                                  NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
MGR                                  NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
HIREDATE                             NEXT    20   ,  O(") DATE DD-Month-YYYY   
SAL                                  NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
COMM                                 NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
DEPTNO                               NEXT     *   :  O(") CHARACTER            
PROJNO                               NEXT     *   ,  O(") CHARACTER            
LOADSEQ                                                   SEQUENCE (MAX, 1)


Table EMP:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65379 bytes(31 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             7
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:13:41 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:13:46 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:04.83
CPU time was:         00:00:00.09

Case 4: Loading Combined Physical Records

Case 4 demonstrates:

Combining multiple physical records to form one logical record with CONTINUEIF; see Assembling Logical Records from Physical Records .
Inserting negative numbers.
Indicating with REPLACE that the table should be emptied before the new data is inserted; see Loading into Empty and Non-Empty Tables .
Specifying a discard file in the control file using DISCARDFILE; see Specifying the Discard File .
Specifying a maximum number of discards using DISCARDMAX; see Specifying the Discard File .
Rejecting records due to duplicate values in a unique index or due to invalid data values; see Rejected Records .

Control File

The control file is ULCASE4.CTL:

   LOAD DATA
   INFILE 'ulcase4.dat'
1)   DISCARDFILE 'ulcase4.dsc'
2)   DISCARDMAX 999
3)   REPLACE
4)   CONTINUEIF THIS (1) = '*'
   INTO TABLE emp
  (empno         POSITION(1:4)         INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   ename         POSITION(6:15)        CHAR,
   job           POSITION(17:25)       CHAR,
   mgr           POSITION(27:30)       INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   sal           POSITION(32:39)       DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
   comm          POSITION(41:48)       DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
   deptno        POSITION(50:51)       INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   hiredate      POSITION(52:60)       INTEGER EXTERNAL)

Notes:

DISCARDFILE specifies a discard file named ULCASE4.DSC.
DISCARDMAX specifies a maximum of 999 discards allowed before terminating the run (for all practical purposes, this allows all discards).
REPLACE specifies that if there is data in the table being loaded, then SQL*Loader should delete that data before loading new data.
CONTINUEIF THIS specifies that if an asterisk is found in column 1 of the current record, then the next physical record after that record should be appended to it to from the logical record. Note that column 1 in each physical record should then contain either an asterisk or a non-data value.

Data File

The datafile for this case, ULCASE4.DAT, is listed below. Note the asterisks in the first position and, though not visible, a new line indicator is in position 20 (following "MA", "PR", and so on). Note that CLARK's commission is -10, and SQL*Loader loads the value converting it to a negative number.

*7782 CLARK 
MANAGER   7839 2572.50    -10    2512-NOV-85
*7839 KING 
PRESIDENT      5500.00           2505-APR-83
*7934 MILLER 
CLERK     7782 920.00            2508-MAY-80
*7566 JONES 
MANAGER   7839 3123.75           2517-JUL-85
*7499 ALLEN 
SALESMAN  7698 1600.00   300.00  25 3-JUN-84
*7654 MARTIN 
SALESMAN  7698 1312.50  1400.00  2521-DEC-85
*7658 CHAN 
ANALYST   7566 3450.00           2516-FEB-84
*     CHEN 
ANALYST   7566 3450.00           2516-FEB-84
*7658 CHIN 
ANALYST   7566 3450.00           2516-FEB-84

Rejected Records

The last two records are rejected, given two assumptions. If there is a unique index created on column EMPNO, then the record for CHIN will be rejected because his EMPNO is identical to CHAN's. If EMPNO is defined as NOT NULL, then CHEN's record will be rejected because it has no value for EMPNO.

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr userid=scott/tiger control=ulcase4.ctl log=ulcase4.log

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, see your operating Oracle system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following is a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase4.ctl
Data File:      ulcase4.dat
  Bad File:     ulcase4.bad
  Discard File: ulcase4.dis 
 (Allow 999 discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:   1:1 = 0X2a(character '*'), in current physical record
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
ENAME                                6:15    10           CHARACTER            
JOB                                 17:25     9           CHARACTER            
MGR                                 27:30     4           CHARACTER            
SAL                                 32:39     8           CHARACTER            
COMM                                41:48     8           CHARACTER            
DEPTNO                              50:51     2           CHARACTER            
HIREDATE                            52:60     9           CHARACTER            

Record 8: Rejected - Error on table EMP.
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."EMP"."EMPNO")

Record 9: Rejected - Error on table EMP.
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.EMPIX) violated


Table EMP:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  2 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65520 bytes(910 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             9
Total logical records rejected:         2
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:49:42 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:49:42 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.69
CPU time was:         00:00:00.13

Bad File

The bad file, shown below, lists records 8 and 9 for the reasons stated earlier. (The discard file is not created.)

*     CHEN         ANALYST
      7566         3450.00           2516-FEB-84
*     CHIN         ANALYST
      7566         3450.00           2516-FEB-84

Case 5: Loading Data into Multiple Tables

Case 5 demonstrates

Loading multiple tables. See Loading Data into Multiple Tables .
Using SQL*Loader to break down repeating groups in a flat file and load the data into normalized tables -- one file record may generate multiple database rows
Deriving multiple logical records from each physical record. See Using Multiple INTO TABLE Statements .
Using a WHEN clause. See Choosing which Rows to Load .
Loading the same field (EMPNO) into multiple tables.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE5.CTL.

   -- Loads EMP records from first 23 characters
   -- Creates and loads PROJ records for each PROJNO listed
   -- for each employee
   LOAD DATA
   INFILE 'ulcase5.dat'
   BADFILE 'ulcase5.bad'
   DISCARDFILE 'ulcase5.dsc'
1)   REPLACE
2)    INTO TABLE emp
   (empno   POSITION(1:4)     INTEGER EXTERNAL,
   ename    POSITION(6:15)    CHAR,
   deptno   POSITION(17:18)   CHAR,
   mgr      POSITION(20:23)   INTEGER EXTERNAL)
2)   INTO TABLE proj
   -- PROJ has two columns, both not null: EMPNO and PROJNO
3)   WHEN projno != '   '
   (empno   POSITION(1:4)     INTEGER EXTERNAL,
3)   projno   POSITION(25:27)   INTEGER EXTERNAL)   -- 1st proj
3)   INTO TABLE proj
4)   WHEN projno != '   '
   (empno   POSITION(1:4)     INTEGER EXTERNAL,
4)   projno   POSITION(29:31    INTEGER EXTERNAL)   -- 2nd proj

2)   INTO TABLE proj
5)   WHEN projno != '   '
   (empno   POSITION(1:4)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
5)  projno  POSITION(33:35)  INTEGER EXTERNAL)   -- 3rd proj

Notes:

REPLACE specifies that if there is data in the tables to be loaded (EMP and PROJ), SQL*loader should delete the data before loading new rows.
Multiple INTO clauses load two tables, EMP and PROJ. The same set of records is processed three times, using different combinations of columns each time to load table PROJ.
WHEN loads only rows with non-blank project numbers. When PROJNO is defined as columns 25...27, rows are inserted into PROJ only if there is a value in those columns.
When PROJNO is defined as columns 29...31, rows are inserted into PROJ only if there is a value in those columns.
When PROJNO is defined as columns 33...35, rows are inserted into PROJ only if there is a value in those columns.

Data File

1234 BAKER      10 9999 101 102 103
1234 JOKER      10 9999 777 888 999
2664 YOUNG      20 2893 425 abc 102
5321 OTOOLE     10 9999 321  55  40
2134 FARMER     20 4555 236 456    
2414 LITTLE     20 5634 236 456  40
6542 LEE        10 4532 102 321  14
2849 EDDS       xx 4555     294  40
4532 PERKINS    10 9999  40        
1244 HUNT       11 3452 665 133 456
123  DOOLITTLE  12 9940         132
1453 MACDONALD  25 5532     200

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr userid=scott/tiger control=ulcase5.ctl log=ulcase5.log

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, see your Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following is a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase5.ctl
Data File:      ulcase5.dat
  Bad File:     ulcase5.bad
  Discard File: ulcase5.dis 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
ENAME                                6:15    10           CHARACTER            
DEPTNO                              17:18     2           CHARACTER            
MGR                                 20:23     4           CHARACTER            

Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != 0X202020(character '   ')
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
PROJNO                              25:27     3           CHARACTER            

Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != 0X202020(character '   ')
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
PROJNO                              29:31     3           CHARACTER            

Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != 0X202020(character '   ')
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
PROJNO                              33:35     3           CHARACTER            

1) Record 2: Rejected - Error on table EMP, column DEPTNO.
1) ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.EMPIX) violated

1) Record 8: Rejected - Error on table EMP, column DEPTNO.
1) ORA-01722: invalid number

1) Record 3: Rejected - Error on table PROJ, column PROJNO.
1) ORA-01722: invalid number


Table EMP:
2)  9 Rows successfully loaded.
2)  3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
2)  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
2)  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Table PROJ:
3)  7 Rows successfully loaded.
3)  2 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
3)  3 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
3)  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Table PROJ:
4)  7 Rows successfully loaded.
4)  3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
4)  2 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
4)  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Table PROJ:
5)  6 Rows successfully loaded.
5)  3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
5)  3 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
5)  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65536 bytes(1024 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:            12
Total logical records rejected:         3
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:54:39 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:54:40 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.67
CPU time was:         00:00:00.16

Notes:

Errors are not encountered in the same order as the physical records due to buffering (array batch). The bad file and discard file contain records in the same order as they appear in the log file.
Of the 12 logical records for input, three rows were rejected (rows for JOKER, YOUNG, and EDDS). No data was loaded for any of the rejected records.
Nine records met the WHEN clause criteria, and two (JOKER and YOUNG) were rejected due to data errors.
Ten records met the WHEN clause criteria, and three (JOKER, YOUNG, and EDDS) were rejected due to data errors.
Nine records met the WHEN clause criteria, and three (JOKER, YOUNG, and EDDS) were rejected due to data errors.

Loaded Tables

These are results of this execution of SQL*Loader:

SQL> SELECT empno, ename, mgr, deptno FROM emp;
EMPNO      ENAME           MGR           DEPTNO
------     ------          ------        ------
1234       BAKER           9999          10
5321       OTOOLE          9999          10
2134       FARMER          4555          20
2414       LITTLE          5634          20
6542       LEE             4532          10
4532       PERKINS         9999          10
1244       HUNT            3452          11
123        DOOLITTLE       9940          12
1453       ALBERT          5532          25

SQL> SELECT * from PROJ order by EMPNO;

EMPNO              PROJNO
------             ------
123                132
1234               101
1234               103
1234               102
1244               665
1244               456
1244               133
1453               200
2134               236
2134               456
2414               236
2414               456
2414               40
4532               40
5321               321
5321               40
5321               55
6542               102
6542               14
6542               321

Case 6: Loading Using the Direct Path Load Method

This case study loads the EMP table using the direct path load method and concurrently builds all indexes. It illustrates the following functions:

Use of the direct path load method to load and index data. See Chapter 8, "SQL*Loader: Conventional and Direct Path Loads".
How to specify the indexes for which the data is pre-sorted. See Pre-sorting Data for Faster Indexing .
Loading all-blank numeric fields as null. See Loading All-Blank Fields .
The NULLIF clause. See NULLIF Keyword .

Note: Specify the name of the table into which you want to load data; otherwise, you will see LDR-927. Specifying DIRECT=TRUE as a command-line parameter is not an option when loading into a synonym for a table.

In this example, field positions and datatypes are specified explicitly.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE6.CTL.

   LOAD DATA
   INFILE 'ulcase6.dat'
   INSERT
   INTO TABLE emp
1)   SORTED INDEXES (empix)
2)  (empno POSITION(01:04) INTEGER EXTERNAL NULLIF empno=BLANKS,
   ename  POSITION(06:15)  CHAR,
   job    POSITION(17:25)  CHAR,
   mgr    POSITION(27:30)  INTEGER EXTERNAL NULLIF mgr=BLANKS,
   sal    POSITION(32:39)  DECIMAL EXTERNAL NULLIF sal=BLANKS,
   comm   POSITION(41:48)  DECIMAL EXTERNAL NULLIF comm=BLANKS,
   deptno POSITION(50:51)  INTEGER EXTERNAL NULLIF deptno=BLANKS)

Notes:

The SORTED INDEXES clause identifies indexes:presorting data:case study the indexes on which the data is sorted. This clause indicates that the datafile is sorted on the columns in the EMPIX index. This clause allows SQL*Loader to optimize index creation by eliminating the sort phase for this data when using the direct path load method.
The NULLIF...BLANKS clause specifies that the column should be loaded as NULL if the field in the datafile consists of all blanks. For more information, refer to Loading All-Blank Fields .

Invoking SQL*Loader

Run the script ULCASE6.SQL as SCOTT/TIGER then enter the following at the command line:

sqlldr scott/tiger ulcase6.ctl direct=true log=ulcase6.log

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader on your operating system, see your Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following is a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase6.ctl
Data File:      ulcase6.dat
  Bad File:     ulcase6.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Direct

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                                 1:4     4           CHARACTER            
ENAME                                6:15    10           CHARACTER            
JOB                                 17:25     9           CHARACTER            
MGR                                 27:30     4           CHARACTER            
    NULL if MGR = BLANKS
SAL                                 32:39     8           CHARACTER            
    NULL if SAL = BLANKS
COMM                                41:48     8           CHARACTER            
    NULL if COMM = BLANKS
DEPTNO                              50:51     2           CHARACTER            
    NULL if EMPNO = BLANKS


The following index(es) on table EMP were processed:
index SCOTT.EMPIX loaded successfully with 7 keys

Table EMP:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

Bind array size not used in direct path.
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             7
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:15:28 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:15:31 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:03.22
CPU time was:         00:00:00.10

Case 7: Extracting Data from a Formatted Report

In this case study, SQL*Loader's string processing functions extract data from a formatted report. It illustrates the following functions:

Using SQL*Loader with an INSERT trigger (see the chapter on database triggers in Oracle8i Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals
Use of the SQL string to manipulate data; see Applying SQL Operators to Fields .
Different initial and trailing delimiters; see Specifying Delimiters .
Use of SYSDATE; see Setting a Column to the Current Date .
Use of the TRAILING NULLCOLS clause; see TRAILING NULLCOLS .
Ambiguous field length warnings; see Conflicting Native Datatype Field Lengths and Conflicting Character Datatype Field Lengths .

Note: This example creates a trigger that uses the last value of unspecified fields.

Data File

The following listing of the report shows the data to be loaded:

         Today's Newly Hired Employees
Dept  Job       Manager   MgrNo  Emp Name  EmpNo  Salary    (Comm)
----  --------  --------  -----  --------  -----  --------- ------
20    Salesman  Blake     7698  Shepard    8061   $1,600.00   (3%)
                                Falstaff   8066   $1,250.00   (5%)
                                Major      8064   $1,250.00  (14%)
30    Clerk     Scott     7788  Conrad     8062   $1,100.00
                                Ford       7369
                                DeSilva    8063     $800.00
      Manager   King      7839  Provo      8065   $2,975.00

Insert Trigger

In this case, a BEFORE INSERT trigger is required to fill in department number, job name, and manager's number when these fields are not present on a data line. When values are present, they should be saved in a global variable. When values are not present, the global variables are used.

The INSERT trigger and the package defining the global variables is:

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE uldemo7 AS   -- Global Package Variables
    last_deptno   NUMBER(2);
    last_job      VARCHAR2(9);
    last_mgr      NUMBER(4);
    END uldemo7;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER uldemo7_emp_insert
  BEFORE INSERT ON emp
  FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
  IF :new.deptno IS NOT NULL THEN
     uldemo7.last_deptno := :new.deptno;  -- save value for later
  ELSE
     :new.deptno := uldemo7.last_deptno;  -- use last valid value
  END IF;
  IF :new.job IS NOT NULL THEN
     uldemo7.last_job := :new.job;
  ELSE
     :new.job := uldemo7.last_job;
  END IF;
  IF :new.mgr IS NOT NULL THEN
     uldemo7.last_mgr := :new.mgr;
  ELSE
     :new.mgr := uldemo7.last_mgr;
  END IF;
END;
/

Note: The phrase FOR EACH ROW is important. If it was not specified, the INSERT trigger would only fire once for each array of inserts because SQL*Loader uses the array interface.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE7.CTL.

   LOAD DATA
   INFILE 'ULCASE7.DAT'
   APPEND
   INTO TABLE emp
1)     WHEN (57) = '.'
2)   TRAILING NULLCOLS
3)   (hiredate SYSDATE,
4)      deptno POSITION(1:2)  INTEGER EXTERNAL(3)
5)             NULLIF deptno=BLANKS,
      job    POSITION(7:14)  CHAR  TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
6)             NULLIF job=BLANKS  "UPPER(:job)",
7)    mgr    POSITION(28:31) INTEGER EXTERNAL 
             TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE, NULLIF mgr=BLANKS,
      ename  POSITION(34:41) CHAR 
             TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE  "UPPER(:ename)",
      empno  POSITION(45) INTEGER EXTERNAL 
             TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE,
      sal    POSITION(51) CHAR  TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
8)             "TO_NUMBER(:sal,'$99,999.99')",
9)    comm   INTEGER EXTERNAL  ENCLOSED BY '(' AND '%'
             ":comm * 100"
   )

Notes:

The decimal point in column 57 (the salary field) identifies a line with data on it. All other lines in the report are discarded.
The TRAILING NULLCOLS clause causes SQL*Loader to treat any fields that are missing at the end of a record as null. Because the commission field is not present for every record, this clause says to load a null commission instead of rejecting the record when only six fields are found instead of the expected seven.
Employee's hire date is filled in using the current system date.
This specification generates a warning message because the specified length does not agree with the length determined by the field's position. The specified length (3) is used.
Because the report only shows department number, job, and manager when the value changes, these fields may be blank. This control file causes them to be loaded as null, and an RDBMS insert trigger fills in the last valid value.
The SQL string changes the job name to uppercase letters.
It is necessary to specify starting position here. If the job field and the manager field were both blank, then the job field's TERMINATED BY BLANKS clause would cause SQL*Loader to scan forward to the employee name field. Without the POSITION clause, the employee name field would be mistakenly interpreted as the manager field.
Here, the SQL string translates the field from a formatted character string into a number. The numeric value takes less space and can be printed with a variety of formatting options.
In this case, different initial and trailing delimiters pick the numeric value out of a formatted field. The SQL string then converts the value to its stored form.

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr scott/tiger ulcase7.ctl ulcase7.log

Log File

The following is a portion of the log file:

1) SQL*Loader-307: Warning: conflicting lengths 2 and 3 specified for column 
DEPTNO table EMP
Control File:   ulcase7.ctl
Data File:      ulcase7.dat
  Bad File:     ulcase7.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded when 57:57 = 0X2e(character '.')
Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND
TRAILING NULLCOLS option in effect

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
HIREDATE                                                  SYSDATE
DEPTNO                                1:2     3           CHARACTER            
    NULL if DEPTNO = BLANKS
JOB                                  7:14     8  WHT      CHARACTER            
    NULL if JOB = BLANKS
    SQL string for column : "UPPER(:job)"
MGR                                 28:31     4  WHT      CHARACTER            
    NULL if MGR = BLANKS
ENAME                               34:41     8  WHT      CHARACTER            
    SQL string for column : "UPPER(:ename)"
EMPNO                                NEXT     *  WHT      CHARACTER            
SAL                                    51     *  WHT      CHARACTER            
    SQL string for column : "TO_NUMBER(:sal,'$99,999.99')"
COMM                                 NEXT     *        (  CHARACTER            
                                                        % 
    SQL string for column : ":comm * 100"

2)Record 1: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 2: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 3: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 4: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 5: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 6: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.
  Record 10: Discarded - failed all WHEN clauses.

Table EMP:
    6 Rows successfully loaded.
    0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
2)  7 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
    0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65286 bytes(81 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

   Total logical records skipped:          0
   Total logical records read:            13
   Total logical records rejected:         0
2) Total logical records discarded:        7

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:16:30 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:16:31 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.75
CPU time was:         00:00:00.09

Notes:

A warning is generated by the difference between the specified length and the length derived from the position specification.
The 6 header lines at the top of the report are rejected, as is the blank separator line in the middle.

Dropping the Insert Trigger and the Global-Variable Package

After running the example, use ULCASE7E.SQL to drop the insert trigger and global-variable package.

Case 8: Loading Partitioned Tables

Case 8 demonstrates

Partitioning of data. See Oracle8i Concepts for more information on partitioned data concepts.
Explicitly defined field positions and datatypes.
Loading using the fixed record length option.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE8.CTL. It loads the lineitem table with fixed length records, partitioning the data according to shipdate.

LOAD DATA
1)  INFILE 'ulcase10.dat' "fix 129"
BADFILE 'ulcase10.bad'
TRUNCATE
INTO TABLE lineitem
PARTITION (ship_q1)
2)  (l_orderkey      position    (1:6) char,
    l_partkey       position   (7:11) char,
    l_suppkey       position  (12:15) char,
    l_linenumber    position  (16:16) char,
    l_quantity      position  (17:18) char,
    l_extendedprice position  (19:26) char,
    l_discount      position  (27:29) char,
    l_tax           position  (30:32) char,
    l_returnflag    position  (33:33) char,
    l_linestatus    position  (34:34) char,
    l_shipdate      position  (35:43) char,
    l_commitdate    position  (44:52) char,
    l_receiptdate   position  (53:61) char,
    l_shipinstruct  position  (62:78) char,
    l_shipmode      position  (79:85) char,
    l_comment       position (86:128) char)

Notes:

Specifies that each record in the datafile is of fixed length (129 characters in this example). See Input Data and Datafiles .
Identifies the column name and location of the data in the datafile to be loaded into each column.

Table Creation

In order to partition the data the lineitem table is created using four (4) partitions according to the shipment date:

create table lineitem
(l_orderkey     number,
l_partkey       number,
l_suppkey       number,
l_linenumber    number,
l_quantity      number,
l_extendedprice number,
l_discount      number,
l_tax           number,
l_returnflag    char,
l_linestatus    char,
l_shipdate      date,
l_commitdate    date,
l_receiptdate   date,
l_shipinstruct  char(17),
l_shipmode      char(7),
l_comment       char(43))
partition by range (l_shipdate)
(
partition ship_q1 values less than (TO_DATE('01-APR-1996', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
tablespace p01,
partition ship_q2 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JUL-1996', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
tablespace p02,
partition ship_q3 values less than (TO_DATE('01-OCT-1996', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
tablespace p03,
partition ship_q4 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JAN-1997', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
tablespace p04
)

Input Data File

The datafile for this case, ULCASE8.DAT, is listed below. Each record is 129 characters in length. Note that five(5) blanks precede each record in the file.

     1 151978511724386.60 7.04.0NO09-SEP-6412-FEB-9622-MAR-96DELIVER IN 
PERSONTRUCK  iPBw4mMm7w7kQ zNPL i261OPP                 
     1 2731 73223658958.28.09.06NO12-FEB-9628-FEB-9620-APR-96TAKE BACK RETURN 
MAIL   5wM04SNyl0AnghCP2nx lAi                    
     1 3370 3713 810210.96 .1.02NO29-MAR-9605-MAR-9631-JAN-96TAKE BACK RETURN 
REG AIRSQC2C 5PNCy4mM                             
     1 5214 46542831197.88.09.06NO21-APR-9630-MAR-9616-MAY-96NONE             
AIR    Om0L65CSAwSj5k6k                           
     1 6564  6763246897.92.07.02NO30-MAY-9607-FEB-9603-FEB-96DELIVER IN 
PERSONMAIL   CB0SnyOL PQ32B70wB75k 6Aw10m0wh            
     1 7403 160524 31329.6 .1.04NO30-JUN-9614-MAR-9601 APR-96NONE             
FOB    C2gOQj OB6RLk1BS15 igN                     
     2 8819 82012441659.44  0.08NO05-AUG-9609-FEB-9711-MAR-97COLLECT COD      
AIR    O52M70MRgRNnmm476mNm                       
     3 9451 721230 41113.5.05.01AF05-SEP-9629-DEC-9318-FEB-94TAKE BACK RETURN 
FOB    6wQnO0Llg6y                                
     3 9717  1834440788.44.07.03RF09-NOV-9623-DEC-9315-FEB-94TAKE BACK RETURN 
SHIP   LhiA7wygz0k4g4zRhMLBAM                     
     3 9844 1955 6 8066.64.04.01RF28-DEC-9615-DEC-9314-FEB-94TAKE BACK RETURN 
REG AIR6nmBmjQkgiCyzCQBkxPPOx5j4hB 0lRywgniP1297

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr scott/tiger control=ulcase8.ctl data=ulcase8.dat

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader, see the Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase8.ctl
Data File:      ulcase8.dat
  File processing option string: "fix 129"
  Bad File:     ulcase10.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this partition: TRUNCATE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
L_ORDERKEY                            1:6     6           CHARACTER            
L_PARTKEY                            7:11     5           CHARACTER            
L_SUPPKEY                           12:15     4           CHARACTER            
L_LINENUMBER                        16:16     1           CHARACTER            
L_QUANTITY                          17:18     2           CHARACTER            
L_EXTENDEDPRICE                     19:26     8           CHARACTER            
L_DISCOUNT                          27:29     3           CHARACTER            
L_TAX                               30:32     3           CHARACTER            
L_RETURNFLAG                        33:33     1           CHARACTER            
L_LINESTATUS                        34:34     1           CHARACTER            
L_SHIPDATE                          35:43     9           CHARACTER            
L_COMMITDATE                        44:52     9           CHARACTER            
L_RECEIPTDATE                       53:61     9           CHARACTER            
L_SHIPINSTRUCT                      62:78    17           CHARACTER            
L_SHIPMODE                          79:85     7           CHARACTER            
L_COMMENT                          86:128    43           CHARACTER            

Record 4: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 5: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 6: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 7: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 8: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 9: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition

Record 10: Rejected - Error on table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1.
ORA-14401: inserted partition key is outside specified partition


Table LINEITEM, partition SHIP_Q1:
  3 Rows successfully loaded.
  7 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65532 bytes(381 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:            10
Total logical records rejected:         7
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:30:49 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:30:50 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:01.11
CPU time was:         00:00:00.14

Case 9: Loading LOBFILEs (CLOBs)

Case 9 demonstrates

Adding a CLOB column called RESUME to the table emp.
Using a FILLER field (RES_FILE).
Loading multiple LOBFILEs into the emp table.

Control File

The control file is ULCASE9.CTL. It loads new emp records with the resume for each employee coming from a different file.

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE EMP
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
( EMPNO    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
  ENAME    CHAR,
  JOB      CHAR,
  MGR      INTEGER EXTERNAL,
  SAL      DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
  COMM     DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
  DEPTNO   INTEGER EXTERNAL,
1)  RES_FILE FILLER CHAR,
2)  "RESUME" LOBFILE (RES_FILE) TERMINATED BY EOF NULLIF RES_FILE = 'NONE'
)
BEGINDATA
7782,CLARK,MANAGER,7839,2572.50,,10,ulcase91.dat
7839,KING,PRESIDENT,,5500.00,,10,ulcase92.dat
7934,MILLER,CLERK,7782,920.00,,10,ulcase93.dat
7566,JONES,MANAGER,7839,3123.75,,20,ulcase94.dat
7499,ALLEN,SALESMAN,7698,1600.00,300.00,30,ulcase95.dat
7654,MARTIN,SALESMAN,7698,1312.50,1400.00,30,ulcase96.dat
7658,CHAN,ANALYST,7566,3450.00,,20,NONE

Notes:

This is a filler field. The filler field is assigned values from the datafield to which it is mapped. See Secondary Data Files (SDFs) and LOBFILES for more information.
RESUME is loaded as a CLOB. The LOBFILE function is used to specify the name of the field that specifies name of the file which contains the data for the LOB field. See Loading LOB Data Using LOBFILEs for more information.

Input Data Files

>>ulcase91.dat<<
                          Resume for Mary Clark

Career Objective: Manage a sales team with consistent record breaking
                  performance.
Education:        BA Business University of Iowa 1992
Experience:       1992-1994 - Sales Support at MicroSales Inc.
                  Won "Best Sales Support" award in 1993 and 1994
                  1994-Present - Sales Manager at MicroSales Inc.
                  Most sales in mid-South division for 2 years

>>ulcase92.dat<<

                       Resume for Monica King
Career Objective: President of large computer services company
Education:        BA English Literature Bennington, 1985
Experience:       1985-1986 - Mailroom at New World Services
                  1986-1987 - Secretary for sales management at 
                              New World Services
                  1988-1989 - Sales support at New World Services
                  1990-1992 - Saleman at New World Services
                  1993-1994 - Sales Manager at New World Services
                  1995      - Vice President of Sales and Marketing at
                              New World Services
                  1996-Present - President of New World Services

>>ulcase93.dat<<

                         Resume for Dan Miller

Career Objective: Work as a sales support specialist for a services 
                  company
Education:        Plainview High School, 1996
Experience:       1996 - Present: Mail room clerk at New World Services

>>ulcase94.dat<<

                      Resume for Alyson Jones

Career Objective: Work in senior sales management for a vibrant and
                  growing company
Education:        BA Philosophy Howard Univerity 1993
Experience:       1993 - Sales Support for New World Services
                  1994-1995 - Salesman for New World Services.  Led in
                  US sales in both 1994 and 1995.
                  1996 - present - Sales Manager New World Services.  My
                  sales team has beat its quota by at least 15% each
                  year.

>>ulcase95.dat<<

                          Resume for David Allen

Career Objective: Senior Sales man for agressive Services company
Education:        BS Business Administration, Weber State 1994
Experience:       1993-1994 - Sales Support New World Services
                  1994-present - Salesman at New World Service.  Won sales
                  award for exceeding sales quota by over 20% 
                  in 1995, 1996.

>>ulcase96.dat<<

                         Resume for Tom Martin

Career Objective: Salesman for a computing service company
Education:        1988 - BA Mathematics, University of the North
Experience:       1988-1992 Sales Support, New World Services
                  1993-present Salesman New World Services

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr sqlldr/test control=ulcase9.ctl data=ulcase9.dat

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader, see the Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase9.ctl
Data File:      ulcase9.ctl
  Bad File:     ulcase9.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
EMPNO                               FIRST     *   ,       CHARACTER            
ENAME                                NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
JOB                                  NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
MGR                                  NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
SAL                                  NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
COMM                                 NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
DEPTNO                               NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
RES_FILE                             NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
  (FILLER FIELD)
"RESUME"                          DERIVED     *  WHT      CHARACTER            
    Dynamic LOBFILE.  Filename in field RES_FILE
    NULL if RES_FILE = 0X4e4f4e45(character 'NONE')


Table EMP:
  7 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  63984 bytes(31 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             7
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:31:11 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:31:19 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:08.14
CPU time was:         00:00:00.09

Case 10: Loading REF Fields and VARRAYs

Case 10 demonstrates

Loading a customer table, which has a primary key as its OID and which stores order items in a VARRAY.
Loading an order table which has a REF to the customer table and the order times in a VARRAY.

Control File

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
CONTINUEIF THIS (1) = '*'
INTO TABLE customers
replace
fields terminated by ","
(
  cust_no                       char,
  name                          char,
  addr                          char
)
INTO TABLE orders
replace
fields terminated by ","
(
  order_no                      char,
1)  cust_no             FILLER    char,
2)  cust                          REF (CONSTANT 'CUSTOMERS', cust_no),
1)  item_list_count     FILLER    char,
3) item_list                     varray count (item_list_count)
  (
4)  item_list                   column object
    (
5)    item                      char,
      cnt                       char,
      price                     char
    )
  )
)
6) BEGINDATA
*00001,Spacely Sprockets,15 Space Way,
*00101,00001,2,
*Sprocket clips, 10000, .01,
Sprocket cleaner, 10, 14.00
*00002,Cogswell Cogs,12 Cogswell Lane,
*00100,00002,4,
*one quarter inch cogs,1000,.02,
*one half inch cog, 150, .04,
*one inch cog, 75, .10,
*Custom coffee mugs, 10, 2.50

Notes:

This is a filler field. The filler field is assigned values from the datafield to which it is mapped. See Secondary Data Files (SDFs) and LOBFILES for more information.
This field is created as a REF field. See
item_list is stored in a VARRAY.
The second occurence of item_list identifies the datatype of each element of the VARRAY. Here, the datatype is a column object.
This list shows all attributes of the column object that are loaded for the VARRAY. The list is enclosed in parenthesis. See section Loading Column Objects for more information about loading column objects.
The data is contained in the control file and is preceded by the keyword BEGINDATA.

Invoking SQL*Loader

Invoke SQL*Loader with a command such as:

sqlldr sqlldr/test control=ulcase10.ctl

Additional Information: The command "sqlldr" is a UNIX-specific invocation. To invoke SQL*Loader, see the Oracle operating system-specific documentation.

Log File

The following shows a portion of the log file:

Control File:   ulcase10.ctl
Data File:      ulcase10.ctl
  Bad File:     ulcase10.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 65536 bytes
Continuation:   1:1 = 0X2a(character '*'), in current physical record
Path used:      Conventional

Table CUSTOMERS, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
CUST_NO                             FIRST     *   ,       CHARACTER            
NAME                                 NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
ADDR                                 NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            

Table ORDERS, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
ORDER_NO                             NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
CUST_NO                              NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
  (FILLER FIELD)
CUST                              DERIVED                 REF
    Arguments are:
        CONSTANT 'CUSTOMERS'
        CUST_NO
ITEM_LIST_COUNT                      NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
  (FILLER FIELD)
ITEM_LIST                         DERIVED     *           VARRAY               
    Count for VARRAY
        ITEM_LIST_COUNT

*** Fields in ITEM_LIST
ITEM_LIST                         DERIVED     *           COLUMN OBJECT        

*** Fields in ITEM_LIST.ITEM_LIST
ITEM                                FIRST     *   ,       CHARACTER            
CNT                                  NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
PRICE                                NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
*** End of fields in ITEM_LIST.ITEM_LIST

*** End of fields in ITEM_LIST



Table CUSTOMERS:
  2 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Table ORDERS:
  2 Rows successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  65240 bytes(28 rows)
Space allocated for memory besides bind array:        0 bytes

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             2
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Sun Nov 08 11:46:13 1998
Run ended on Sun Nov 08 11:46:14 1998

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.65
CPU time was:         00:00:00.16

4SQL*Loader Case Studies

The Case Studies

Case 2: Loading Fixed-Format Fields:

Case Study Files

Table 4-1 Case Studies and Their Related Files

Tables Used in the Case Studies

Contents of Table EMP

Contents of Table DEPT

References and Notes

Running the Case Study SQL Scripts

Case 1: Loading Variable-Length Data

Control File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 2: Loading Fixed-Format Fields

Control File

Datafile

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 3: Loading a Delimited, Free-Format File

Control File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 4: Loading Combined Physical Records

Control File

Data File

Rejected Records

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Bad File

Case 5: Loading Data into Multiple Tables

Control File

Data File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Loaded Tables

Case 6: Loading Using the Direct Path Load Method

Control File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 7: Extracting Data from a Formatted Report

Data File

Insert Trigger

Control File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Dropping the Insert Trigger and the Global-Variable Package

Case 8: Loading Partitioned Tables

Control File

Table Creation

Input Data File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 9: Loading LOBFILEs (CLOBs)

Control File

Input Data Files

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

Case 10: Loading REF Fields and VARRAYs

Control File

Invoking SQL*Loader

Log File

4
SQL*Loader Case Studies